What is the clause of the constitution from which the implied powers of congress are derived?

I believe the answer is: Necessary and Proper Clause"

Necessary and Proper Clause give the congress with the ability to exercise the powers that are not explicitly stated in the constitution as long as they are deemed as necessary and proper for the government to achieve its goal.

From this, they create a list of implied powers which are not exist in constitution but are 'needed' in order for them to fulfill the duties that directly stated in the constitution. Examples of implied powers are government's ability to collect taxes and create government agencies.

c. taught scientists many new things about the earth, but not other planets.

explanation:

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.