Research study 5.1 dr. valencia is considering conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer social interactions than those who are not narcissistic. one of her first tasks is to determine which of her participants are narcissistic and which are not. she decides to use the scale created by a colleague, the mayo scale. question 1 reads, “i tend not to think about other people as much as myself.” question 2 reads, “i do not have a high opinion of myself.” question 3 reads, “i think other people think i am really special.” refer to research study 5.1 above to answer the following question. dr. valencia is concerned whether her measure will really measure narcissism or if it will measure some other related concept. she is concerned about the scale’s

The answer is: Validity

To put it simply, validity refers to whether the study is actually measures the things that the researchers intended to.

Validity in every studies is extremely depended on whether the variables that the researchers use actually have a correlation with the phenomenon they're observing with the study.

In the case above, Valencia wants to measure people's narcissism. Because of this,  The questions that she asked to her subject is really correlating with the subject's narcissistic tendencies.

the atm that sounds like it should be the answer

the old way of life was represented by superstition, an angry god, and absolute submission to authority. the thinkers of the age of reason ushered in a new way of thinking. this new way championed the accomplishments of humankind. individuals did not have to accept despair. science and reason could bring happiness and progress. kings did not rule by divine right. they had an obligation to their subjects. europeans pondered the implications for nearly a century. americans put them into practice first.