Which of these describes a social effect of the civil war?

Many were the social effects of the Civil War, such as:  

After the Emancipation Proclamation was issued, African Americans were allowed to join the Union Army. The Civil War generated greater responsibilities for women and even children.Many families experienced the loss of a family member. Union supporters were treated with animosity.

The best sociological research method would have to be using experiments although it has some disadvantages as well