After the reconstruction era, the southern states were economically disadvantaged because of a) waves of immigration. eliminate b) the institution of slavery. c) their refusal to use goods made in the north. d) having relatively few factories compared to the northeast.

B) the institution of slavery

Urban growth invariably feeds increased commercialization and industrialization. it requires continually expanding land areas. when urbanization rates are high, and countries do not have the institutional and managerial capacities or economic wherewithal to manage such rapid growths, they exert intense pressure on the types and nature of the resulting settlements. they contribute to the development of overcrowded slums and shanty towns without adequate essential services and necessary infrastructure.-by asit k. biswas and cecilia tortajada