Recently, the government noticed that the consumption of cigarettes has increased among working individuals. to counter this increase, the government decides to raise the cost of cigarettes by increasing the excise tax on them. after six months, the government observes that the consumption of cigarettes has decreased to some extent. which type of taxation did the government use? a. direct tax b. indirect tax c. progressive tax d. proportional tax

I would say it is indirect tax, since everything else is wrong, and it is not based on the income of the person who gets taxed, its for everyone, and is collected from the stores that sell cigs.

Option B. Indirect tax.

Explanation:

An indirect tax is collected by one entity in the supply chain (usually a producer or retailer) and paid to the government, but it is passed on to the consumer as part of the purchase price of a good or service. The consumer is ultimately paying the tax by paying more for the product.

In the case of this example, the supply chain would be the stores that sell cigarrettes. The consumers end up paying more for each cigarrette they buy, and the money registered for tax goes to the government.

freeborn women in ancient rome were citizens (cives), but could not vote or hold political office. because of their limited public role, women are named less frequently than men by roman historians. but while roman women held no direct political power, those from wealthy or powerful families could and did exert influence through private negotiations. exceptional women who left an undeniable mark on history range from lucretia and claudia quinta, whose stories took on mythic significance; fierce republican-era women such as cornelia, mother of the gracchi, and fulvia, who commanded an army and issued coins bearing her image; women of the julio-claudian dynasty, most prominently livia (58 bc-ad 29), who contributed to the formation of imperial mores; and the empress helena (c.250–330 ad), a driving force in promoting christianity.

women in the ancient greek world had few rights in comparison to male citizens. unable to vote, own land, or inherit, a woman’s place was in the home and her purpose in life was the rearing of children. this, though, is a general description, and when considering the role of women in ancient greece one should remember that information regarding specific city-states is often lacking, is almost always from male authors, and only in athens can their status and role be described in any great detail. neither are we sure of the practical and everyday application of the rules and laws that have survived from antiquity. we do know that spartan women were treated somewhat differently than in other states. for example, they had to do physical training like men, were permitted to own land, and could drink wine.

i do believe   by (keeping an organized record of all sources he or she referenced)good luck.

explanation: