Specific words or phrases that represent the required skills, knowledge, and capabilities for a position defines

The word that fills in the blank is KEYWORDS. Those are words or concepts of great significance. They are important in job applications because show potential employers that you probably are a good fit for the position required. Sometimes the software used to check the resumes are just looking for these keywords to filter out applicants.

answer; if congress didn't act on certain requests;

answer; i believe the correct answer is (federalist);