What is the main reason thorin refuses to part with any of the hoard of thror?

The principle that the geoglical processes that we see today have occurred through out earths history is called

The second westward surge reached the: mississippi river, appalachian mountains, oregon territory

Why are governments formed? what role does government play in society? what would life be like without government? what purpose of government would have the most dramatic effect on society if it were taken away? which purpose of government has the greatest effect on your daily life?