Aconsumer might respond to a negative incentive because it could be a chance to purchase a very popular item. buy a good at a cheap price. take advantage of a sale. avoid additional charges.

avoid additional charges.

A consumer will respond a negative incentive in order to ensure that he or she has purchased a product before its price is increased. A negative incentive includes things such as an increase in production costs which would lead to price increasing

In order to avoid the additional charges, a consumer might respond to a negative incentive.  

Further explanation:

Consumers respond to incentives: Consumers respond to incentives in order to maximize their profits or satisfaction. By responding to the positive incentives, a consumer can raise his/her profits to the maximum level. Whereas, by responding to the negative incentives, a consumer can avoid any potential losses and thereby, can maximize his/her profits level.  

Justification for correct and incorrect option:

to purchase a very popular item: This option is incorrect.

Consumers do not respond to a negative incentive in order to buy a very popular item. Rather, consumers respond to the negative incentives in order to raise their profits or satisfaction to a maximum level.  

buy a good at a cheap price: This option is incorrect.

The purchase of a good at a lower price is not the main motive behind the response of consumers to a negative incentive. A negative incentive calls for an action by the consumers to prevent them to incur any potential losses in the future.

take advantage of a sale: This option is incorrect.

A consumer responds to a negative incentive with an aim to maximize his/her profits. Taking benefit of a sale is not the main rationale behind consumers’ response to a negative incentive.  

avoid additional charges: This option is correct.

A negative incentive faced by a consumer implies that the normal behavior of the consumer will incur him/her losses in the near future. Consumers respond to a negative incentive with an objective to avoid any additional charge that may result in the near future.  

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Answer details:

Grade: Middle School

Subject: Economics

Chapter: Consumer behavior

Keywords: a consumer might respond, to a negative incentive, it could be a chance, to purchase a very popular item, buy a good, cheap price, take advantage, sale, avoid additional charges, the consumer responds to incentives, to maximize the profits, satisfaction, positive incentives, avoid potential losses.

1. seasonal

2. frictional unenployment

3. the number of the labor force multiplied by 100 and then subtract the number of unemployed.

4. 4%

5. an increase in prices

i would say b. research typically uses a variety of sources