Iprovide ralph with the positive reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something i like. i punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does something i don't like. i am applying the principles of in an attempt to modify ralph's behavior.

I believe the answer is: classical conditioning

Classical conditioning happens when we pair a biologically potent stimulus  with a previously neutral stimulus. Over time, the subject would  elicit a certain type of response everytime they are faced with the natural stimulus, even without the existence of the potent stimulus.

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