Beth is reading a book about weather. she stops and thinks about how she's seen storms approach from across town. this her understand what the book is saying about how weather works. this is an example of what?

I believe the answer is: Activating Prior Knowledge

Prior knowledge refers to the type of knowledge that we obtained from our previous experience in the past. By obtaining prior knowledge, people could dramatically alter their perception when seeing the same event in the future, which explain Beth's easier understanding when she observed the storm.

d. i assume the underlined word is "role." reformat if it isn't.

explanation:

role is closest to part because when replacing words, "playing a vital decision," "playing a vital activity," and "playing a vital dollar" don't make logical sense. the only meaningful choice is "playing a vital part."

this fits one of merriam-webster's definitions of role: "a function or part performed especially in a particular operation or process."