Earth’s water is always moving in a process called the . this process transfers water from earth’s surface into the atmosphere and back again. first, the sun's energy makes water from oceans, lakes, and rivers , or change from a liquid to a gas called , which rises into the atmosphere and cools. as it cools, the gas begins to , or change back into a liquid, and millions of tiny drops of water form into clouds. then the larger droplets of water fall to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, which are all forms of . finally, this water can seep into the ground or fall into a larger body of water. eventually, the water evaporates again, and the cycle repeats itself.

The Hydrologic Cycle

Explanation:

The Hydrologic Cycle is the continuous circulation of water in the earth-atmosphere system.

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as university of miami psychologists debra lieberman and adam smith pointed out in a recent article in the journal current directions in psychological science, humans have social and psychological mechanisms to deter incest. with very few exceptions, marriages between brothers and sisters and between parents and their children are verboten in every human culture. the primary psychological anti-incest mechanism is the yuck response. even the idea of sex with their mom or dad, bro or sis is upsetting to most people. the psychologist jonathan haidt has found that nearly everyone is repelled by the prospect of brother-sister sex, even in hypothetical situations in which there is no chance of pregnancy).

the biological cost of incest

this raises an interesting question: just what’s so bad about incest? sure, having sex with your dad or your sister seems gross — but why? some anthropologists have argued that incest taboos are learned social conventions. this explanation, however, doesn’t make sense to me as it does not explain the widespread existence of anti-incest mechanisms in creatures ranging from cockroaches to chimpanzees. second, the incest taboo is about as close to a universal law as human moral rules get.

why should mechanisms to avoid incest be so widespread both in nature and across human societies? the answer is simple. the problem with having sex close with relatives is that there is an astonishingly high chance that your offspring will be born with a serious birth defect.