Alienation is defined by the text as: a. the condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self. b. social forces considered real which exist outside the individual. c. the act of defying social norms in favor of group unity d. the strength of ties that people have to their social groups, was a key factor in social life

The text defines alienation as: A) The condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his/her society, work, or sense of self.

There are instances where some people are alienated from society because of their attitude towards other people, such as being aggressive or repulsive.

answer; conditional stimulus will trigger a conditioned response;

answer; the sound of a train whistle makes a woman think of an old friend; //

the smell of grass makes a by feel that spring is the best; (apex);