Which term refers to lifetime experiences and opportunities that enhance a student's ability to learn and succeed?

The term is "cultural capital".

Cultural capital is a term created and advanced by late-twentieth-century French humanist Pierre Bourdieu. Cultural capital is the amassing of information, practices, and abilities that one can take advantage of to show one's social skill, and in this way one's economic well-being or standing in the public eye.

answer; developmental;