When pavlov's dogs salivated after hearing a bell ring even though no food was present, they demonstrated a pattern of learning called

Classical conditioning

Explanation:

It's an automatic or reflexive response, the classical conditioning corresponds to a type of implicit memory called "associative" (as opposed to implicit memory of the "nonassociative" type, in which habituation and sensitization learnings fit). Studying the action of enzymes on the animals' stomachs, Ian Pavlov became interested in the salivation that arose in dogs without food. Pavlov wanted to clarify how conditioned reflexes were acquired. Dogs naturally salivate for food; Pavlov thus called the correlation between unconditioned stimulus (food) and unconditioned response (salivation) an unconditioned reflex.

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