An example of a right explicitly protected by the constitution as drafted at the constitutional convention is the right not to be subjected to cruel and unusual punishment right to free speech right to keep and bear arms right to a writ of habeas corpus right to be protected from unreasonable searches

I believe the answer is: right to a writ of habeas corpus

Habeas corpus refers to the right to be released from the court based on lawful reasonsThis right is explicitely wrtiten on the constitution  Article One, Section 9, clause 2, which demands that
"The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it."