According to sociologist kenneth clark, for some inner city african american and latina women, an out of wedlock birth is

Kenneth B. Clark was an American social analyst who was born in 1914. He was the best known and much respected black social researcher in the US. Clark accomplished universal acknowledgment for his exploration on the social and mental impacts of racism and segregation.

answer; self-efficacy;

good question. i'll be looking into that. (this is a joke sir)