An atom that has become charged by gaining or losing electrons is called a(n)-

an ion

Explanation:

- When an atom gains/loses an electron, the atom becomes charged, and is called an ion.

- Gaining an electron results in a negative charge, so the atom is an anion.

- Losing an electron results in a positive charge, so the atom ion is a cation.

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the answer to the question is "five to eight weeks after the test date"