Climate change adaptation (CCA) is a response to global warming (also known as "climate change").[1]
SDG13 targets to strengthen countries' resilience and adaptive capacities to climate-related issues.[2] The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines adaptation as: 'the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects. In human systems, adaptation seeks to moderate or avoid harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. In some natural systems, human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate and its effects'.[3] This adjustment includes many areas such as infrastructure,[4] agriculture[5] and education.
Even if emissions are stabilized relatively soon, global warming and its effects will last many years due to the delay times caused by past global warming, and adaptation would be necessary to the resulting changes in climate.[6] If all greenhouse gas emissions were to stop today, the Earth’s average surface temperature would climb another 0.6 degrees over the next decades before temperatures stopped rising.[7]
Adaptation actions can be considered as either incremental adaptation (actions where the central aim is to maintain the essence and integrity of a system) or transformational adaptation (actions that change the fundamental attributes of a system in response to climate change and its impacts).[8]
The need for adaptation varies from place to place, depending on the sensitivity and vulnerability to environmental impacts.[9][10] Adaptation is especially important in developing countries since those countries are bearing the brunt of the effects of global warming.[11] Human adaptive capacity is unevenly distributed across different regions and populations, and developing countries generally have less capacity to adapt.[12]
Adaptive capacity is closely linked to social and economic development.[13] The economic costs of adaptation to climate change are likely to cost billions of dollars annually for the next several decades, though the exact amount of money needed is unknown
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