The nucleus of any atom requires a strong force to hold it together. this strong force is required because a) the nucleus of any atom is so small. b) protons and neutrons repel each other. c) positive protons in the nucleus repel each other. d) the charges of the protons and the electrons cancel each other out.

Ammonia enters the expansion valve of a refrigeration system at a pressure of 10 bar and a temperature of 18oc and exits at 6.0 bar. the refrigerant undergoes a throttling process. determine the temperature, in oc, and the quality of the refrigerant at the exit of the expansion valve.

An ice-making machine inside a refrigerator operates in a carnot cycle. it takes heat from liquid water at 0.0 degrees celsius and rejects heat to a room at a temperature of 19.2 degrees celsius. suppose that liquid water with a mass of 76.3kg at 0.0 degrees celsius is converted to ice at the same temperature. take the heat of fusion for water to be l_f = 3.34*10^5 j/kg. how much energy e must be supplied to the device? express your answer in joules.

What is the mass of the water that is being heated? it requires 2,500 joules to raise a certain amount of water (c = 4.186 jig c) from 20.0°c to 60.0°c. o 159 o 40 g o 63 g o 80 g