How does centripetal acceleration differ from other accelerations? How is it similar to other accelerations?

Centripetal acceleration does not change speed but it changes direction as it is a single thing moving in a circular path. Most accelerations, like linear acceleration, cause things to move in a straight line. But, both centripetal and angular acceleration are vectors.

the order for strong to weak forces such as

strong nuclear force → electromegnetic force → weak nuclear force → gravitational force

the fundamental forces are those forces that act between to objects or element to make interactions. there are four types of fundamental forces such as strong and weak nuclear forces (due to protons and electrons), electromagnetic force (due to the motion of electrons) and gravitational force (due to orbital movement of the planet). if these forces are arranged on the basis of their maximum strength then the order is

strong nuclear force → electromegnetic force → weak nuclear force → gravitational force