A) Explain simply the principle of the Geiger Muller tube. b) The GM tube is often connected to a rate meter. Explain what this instrument measures.
c) The rate meter is calibrate in kBq. How is this unit defined ?

A) The Geiger Muller tube works on the same principle as the spark counter: an ionisation between two high voltage electrodes produces a pulse of current (an avalanche of charge) between the electrodes. Geiger Muller tubes are very delicate, especially if they are designed to measure alpha particles. The thin, mica window allows alpha particles to enter the chamber. It needs a protective cover to prevent it from being accidentally damaged by being touched. A good alpha detecting Geiger Muller tube will also count photons. If you light a match in front of it, a few ultra violet photons will be detected.B) It is a gaseous ionization detector and uses the Townsend avalanche phenomenon to produce an easily detectable electronic pulse from as little as a single ionizing event due to a radiation particle. It is used for the detection of gamma radiation, X-rays, and alpha and beta particles. It can also be adapted to detect neutrons. The tube operates in the "Geiger" region of ion pair generation. This is shown on the accompanying plot for gaseous detectors showing ion current against applied voltage.While it is a robust and inexpensive detector, the GM is unable to measure high radiation rates efficiently, has a finite life in high radiation areas and cannot measure incident radiation energy, so no spectral information can be generated and there is no discrimination between radiation types; such as between alpha and beta particles.C)

Kilobecquerel (KBq) is a a SI-multiple of a derived metric measurement unit of radioactivity.

On below way the unit is Defined .

conversions tables :- 1 kBq = 1 000 BqkBq>BqBq>kBq1 kBq = 0.001 MBqkBq>MBqMBq>kBq1 kBq = 1.0×10-6 GBqkBq>GBqGBq>kBq1 kBq = 1.0×10-9 TBqkBq>TBqTBq>kBq1 kBq = 1.0×10-12 PBqkBq>PBqPBq>kBq1 kBq = 0.027 µCikBq>µCiµCi>kBq1 kBq = 2.7×10-8 CikBq>CiCi>kBq

Explanation:

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