Shortwave sunlight passes through Earth's atmosphere, where it strikes the surface and is converted into longer-wavelength radiation.

thermal energy is the answer

the skeletons of most mammals reach a certain size and then stop growing. however, many animals, including some mammals, keep growing throughout their lives. kangaroos, for example, just keep growing and growing until they die. also, the longer an animal lives the greater the chance it might catch some deadly disease.

what is the actual question though?