± Calculating Flux for Hemispheres of Different Radii Learning Goal:

To understand the definition of electric flux, and how to calculate it. Flux is the amount of a vector field that "flows" through a surface. We now discuss the electric flux through a surface (a quantity needed in Gauss's law): ΦE=∫E⃗ ⋅dA⃗ , where ΦE is the flux through a surface with differential area element dA⃗ , and E⃗ is the electric field in which the surface lies. There are several important points to consider in this expression: It is an integral over a surface, involving the electric field at the surface. dA⃗ is a vector with magnitude equal to the area of an infinitesmal surface element and pointing in a direction normal (and usually outward) to the infinitesmal surface element. The scalar (dot) product E⃗ ⋅dA⃗ implies that only the component of E⃗ normal to the surface contributes to the integral. That is, E⃗ ⋅dA⃗ =|E⃗ ||dA⃗ |cos(θ), where θ is the angle be

quantum mechanics or quantum physics is physics of very small objects (particles) and physical entities.

quantum physics has some parallels to our macro world and some pretty unique ideas which theoretically and mathematically proven to be true even though we will never be able to access them because of our size.

there are many types of particles: subatomic, elementary etc.

subatomic means they are smaller than atom, elementary means they are at the very basis of everything.

subatomic particles are for eg. protons, neutrons but not electrons.

elementary particles are categorised into 3 groups by what they do.

these 3 groups are quarks, leptons and bosons.

light for example is a particle more precisely a photon a part of leptons.

proton (subatomic particle) is made out of 2 up quarks and 1 down quark each of these has a fractional charge like . (i crazy)

most famous scientist who contributed to this physics are:

the topic itself us understand a lot and will probably be vastly used in the future (quantum computers, understanding the big bang,

we also must not forget quantum effects like:

and there is more. but probably too much for this answer to be consistent due to my average understanding of this topic.

hope this you understand quantum mechanics a little more. i'm not an expert in the topic (so don't be like wth if you are an expert) but i'm very interested in it.

anyways quantum physics is a very hard topic (harder than physics (perhaps)) therefore searching for every information there is about it and learning it is unfortunately impossible (you can only specialise into 1 - 3 things or more (perhaps

have fun and i wish you luck!

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explanation:

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