Now convert the time from seconds to years- This value is the approximate age of the universe. Write the age in scientific notation. Use the coversion, 1 year = 3.154 times 10^7 seconds.

4.35x10¹⁷s is the age of the universe

Explanation:

The age of the universe is 13.8 billion years.

As we know, 1 billion years = 1x10⁹years

13.8 billion years * (1x10⁹years/ 1 billion years) = 13.8x10⁹ years.

As 1 year = 3.154x10⁷ seconds, 13.8x10⁹ years are:

13.8x10⁹ years * (3.154x10⁷ seconds / 1 year) =

scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.