El coeficiente de restitución tiene un valor máximo de para un choque perfectamente elástico y un valor mínimo de para un choque perfectamente .

stands for electromotive force and it is measured in volts. despite its name, it is not actually the force in the sense of being a "pushing" or "pulling" (not measured in newtons).an equation that relates emf,  ℰ,  to a battery's terminal voltage, v, current, i, and internal resistance, r, is    ℰ = v + irin this case, the emf can be interpreted as a voltage—a difference in electric potential.i would not say that it would be considered an energy. if emf can be defined as the energy/work per a unit charge from a battery or other electric source, then it is not strictly energy.

Iwould have to say sorry i can't elaborate more. hope this though!

The sun's gravitational pull is weaker on the planets that are closer to it, i think.