Energy transferred in which way is usually thought of as being ‘wasted’?

The energy transfer to light energy is the useful transfer. The rest is 'wasted'. It is eventually transferred to the surroundings, making them warmer. This 'wasted' energy eventually becomes so spread out that it becomes very difficult to do anything useful with it.

firearm identification is the process of analyzing the bullets and cartridge cases left at a crime scene to determine if they came from a particular firearm. marks on the bullets and cartridges may be common to every firearm of that type. these are called class characteristics.