Study the given diagram and calculate the gravitational force between these spherical masses having different radius

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Write maxwell's equations and discuss the terms involved and the results of each equation in classical electrodynamics. if it is possible to write these equations in integral form, give the integral forms. find the wave equation for electromagnetic waves from the maxwell equations. what is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves in space according to the wave equation you find?

Unpolarized light of intensity i_0=750w/m^2 is incident upon two polarizers. after passing through both polarizers the intensity is i_2=280w/m^2. (a) what is the intensity of the light after it passes through the first polarizer in w/m^2? (b) write an equation for the angle between the polarizers in terms of the initial (i_0) and final (i_2) intensities. (c) find the angle between the polarizers in degrees.

The ozone hole appears in antarctica during