Which of newton's laws accounts for the following statement? "a force cannot act alone."

The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or , energy can be from one substance to another. the first blank is ' destroyed ' and for the second blank is ' transferred '

Which quantities are scalars? choose all that apply a. distance b. speed c. acceleration d. velocity

Light from the sun reaches the earth in 8.3 minutes. the velocity is 3.00 x 10^8 m/s. how far is earth from the sun? i know how to get to d = (3 x 10^8 m/s)(498 sec). i just don't know how to get from there to the answer being 1.5 x 10^11 m.