Identify which stage marks the birth of a star

If gases like carbon dioxide and methane make up less than 1% of the total atmosphere, why is it important for scientists to monitor changes in percentages of these gases?

Ahanging spring stretches by 35.0 cm when an object of mass 450 g is hung on it at rest. in this situation, we define its position as x = 0. the object is pulled down an additional 18.0 cm and released from rest to oscillate without friction. what is its position x at a moment 84.4 s later? express your answer in cm.

Ethanol has a heat of vaporization of 38.56 kj/mol and a normal boiling point of 78.4 c. what is the vapor pressure of ethanol at 14 c?