Arrows have plastic vanes or feathers that provide stability and accuracy in flight. what is the name for these vanes or feathers?

Fletching

Explanation:

The arrows have plastic vanes or feathers at the end of it. These are known as fletchings. The purpose of these is to shift the center of pressure (COP) backwards. COP is the point where the pressure is supposed to be concentrated(acting) on a body similar to center of gravity (CG).

While the arrow is in flight it can divert from its path due to surrounding pressure. With the help of COP we can cancel out these unwanted motions making sure the arrow follows the desired path. The COP should always be at the opposite end of CG. Since CG in the arrow is in near the tip, fletchings are attached at the end to shift the COP towards the end and thus giving the required stability to the arrow while in flight.

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