How does the toaster serve as an example of convection energy transfer?

Space vehicles traveling through earth's radiation belts can intercept a significant number of electrons. the resulting charge buildup can damage electronic components and disrupt operations. suppose a spherical metallic satellite 1.3 m in diameter accumulates 3.0 µc of charge in one orbital revolution. (a) find the resulting surface charge density. (b) calculate the magnitude of the electric field just outside the surface of the satellite, due to the surface charge.

Based on the concept of the wave-like nature of light, huygens' theory of light postulates that the more light was "bent" by a substance the slower it would move while traversing across that substance. a) deflection b) interference c) refraction d) resonance

What conclusion can be made based on the temperature of soil when the light hits the soil at 0°, 45°, and 90° angles in section 2 of the experiment? did your results support your hypothesis? why or why not?