Can someone answer these and show work ? ?

3. n=1.31. So using Snell's Law of Refraction, n1sinθ=n2sinθ. Your second theta should be 15 degrees instead. The angle is ALWAYS from the vertical. Since n of air is just 1, n2=(sin45)/(sin15)=1.31.

4. This is a bit interesting, the way YOU set this up. Because I am a physicist, the dashed line for refracting angles should be perpendicular to the object's surface. Whether that is how you are told by your instructor, or your own doing, I digress. Anyway, Snell's Law again, n1sinθ=n2sinθ. N of air is 1 at an angle of 90 degrees. So 1=sin90 for both shapes. Your angle for the triangular prism is 55 degrees, so n=1/sin(55). For the funky looking shape, your angle should actually be 90-35. ANGLE IS TO THE DASHED LINE, NOT THE SURFACE. So this n is 1/sin(55) again.

You got this

Answer it orbits high above earth to gain clearer images of light, it magnifies images relative to the human eye, it records most of the universe as it was in the past, not as it is now;

Because they're in different places for this the temperature varies.