What is gravitational force

An isotope undergoes radioactive decay by emitting radiation that has a –1 charge. what other characteristic does the radiation have?

Assume that two of the electrons at the negative terminal have attached themselves to a nearby neutral atom. there is now a negative ion with a charge -2e at this terminal. what are the electric potential and electric potential energy of the negative ion relative to the electron? the electric potential and the electric potential energy are both twice as much. the electric potential is twice as much and the electric potential energy is the same. the electric potential is the same and the electric potential energy is twice as much. the electric potential and the electric potential energy are both the same. the electric potential is the same and the electric potential energy is increased by the mass ratio of the oxygen ion to the electron. the electric potential is twice as much and the electric potential energy is increased by the mass ratio of the oxygen ion to the electron.

Agirl throws a ball. if the ball's acceleration is 12 m/sec/sec and its mass is 0.5 kg, how much force did the girl apply to the ball?