ions and their charges

name charge symbol or formula
lithium li+
1+ na+
calcium 2+
chloride 1?
1? no3-
carbonate 2?

which of these ions are polyatomic? explain.

Light that is polarized along the vertical direction is incident on a sheet of polarizing material. only 96% of the intensity of the light passes through the sheet and strikes a second sheet of polarizing material. no light passes through the second sheet. what angle does the transmission axis of the second sheet make with the vertical?

Explain earth's motion, using the terms "precession" and "rotation" in your answer.

Acaterpillar tries to climb straight up a wall a meter high, but for every 2 cm up it climbs, it slides down 1 cm. eventually, it reaches the top. when it reaches the top, it does not pull itself over so it will slide down 1 cm. what is the total displacement traveled?