Which of these describes the heating element of a toaster oven?
a. a conductor surrounded by an insulator.
b. a conductor, which carries electric currents.
c. a resistor, which converts some electric energy to thermal energy.
d. an insulator, which stops the flow of electricity.

It is C ! It produces resistance and thus converting electrical energy to thermal energy as H = i^2 Rt !!

This is what i found on google “according to the collision theory, the following criteria must be met in order for a chemical reaction to occur: molecules must collide with sufficient energy, known as the activation energy, so that chemical bonds can break. molecules must collide with the proper orientation.” i hope this information you.