An astronomer sees two stars in the sky. both stars are equally far from earth, but the first star is dimmer than the second star. which of the following is a valid conclusion about the first star?

it is larger than the second star.
it is smaller than the second star.
it is older than the second star.
it is younger than the second star.

Three point charges, two positive and one negative, each having a magnitude of 20 μc are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle (30 cm on a side). what is the magnitude of the electrostatic force on the negative charge

Which of the following is the result of the nuclear weak force? the instability of large nuclei the repelling force between positively charged protons the structure of the atom certain types of nuclear decay

Some material consisting of a collection of microscopic objects is kept at a high temperature. a photon detector capable of detecting photon energies from infrared through ultraviolet observes photons emitted with energies of 0.3 ev, 0.5 ev, 0.8 ev, 2.0ev, 2.5ev, and 2.8ev. these are the only photon energies observed. (a) draw and label a possible energy-level diagram for one of the microscopic objects, which has four bound states. on the diagram, indicate the transitions corresponding to the emitted photons. explain briefly. (b) would a spring–mass model be a good model for these microscopic objects? why or why not? (c) the material is now cooled down to a very low temperature, and the photon detector stops detecting photon emissions. next, a beam of light with a continuous range of energies from infrared through ultraviolet shines on the material, and the photon detector observes the beam of light after it passes through the material. what photon energies in this beam of light are observed to be significantly reduced in intensity (“dark absorption lines”)? explain briefly.