A cell of e. m.f. (E) and internal resistance (r) is connected to a variable resistor. A voltmeter is connected so as to measure the potential difference across the terminals of the cell. Which one of the
following is the correct circuit diagram of the arrangement?

Athin electrical heater is inserted between a long circular rod and a concentric tube with inner and outer radii of 20 and 40 mm. the rod (a) has a thermal conductivity of ka = 0.15 w/(m*k), while the tube (b) has a thermal conductivity of kb = 0.8 w/(m*k) and its outer surface is subjected to convection with a fluid of temperature t= -15°c and heat transfer coefficient 60 w/(m2 *k). the thermal contact resistance between the cylinder surfaces and the heater is negligible. (a) determine the electrical power per unit length of the cylinders (w/m) that is required to maintain the outer surface of cylinder b at 15°c. (b) what is the temperature at the center of cylinder a?