Ray of light, hope, and echo are the names of japan's shinkansen, a nationwide network of what?

Scientists use laser range-finding to measure the distance to the moon with great accuracy. a brief laser pulse is fired at the moon, then the time interval is measured until the "echo" is seen by a telescope. a laser beam spreads out as it travels because it diffracts through a circular exit as it leaves the laser. in order for the reflected light to be bright enough to detect, the laser spot on the moon must be no more than 1.0 km in diameter. staying within this diameter is accomplished by using a special large-diameter laser. part a if λ = 540nm , what is the minimum diameter of the circular opening from which the laser beam emerges? the earth-moon distance is 384,000 km. express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

Astudent looks at ocean waves coming into the beach. an ocean wave with more energy will a) have a greater height. b) have a greater period. c) travel toward the beach faster. d) strike the beach with greater frequency.

Astudent is given an assignment to demonstrate diffraction. he takes a photograph of a straw in a glass of water. the straw appears bent at the water level. which best describes this example? a) this is a good example of diffraction. b) this is an example of dispersion and not diffraction. c) this is an example of refraction and not diffraction. d) this is an example of reflection and not diffraction.