What is the tension of the rope?

Edward tolman explained the results of his study by theorizing that the rats were learning about the maze during every trial but they a. were agitated because other groups were getting reinforcement b. could not remember how to demonstrate it without reinforcement c. were not motivated to demonstrate it without reinforcement d. seemed to be too lazy to actually work without reinforcement

Which branches of natural science include the study of an organism that lived 10 million years ago

An isotope undergoes radioactive decay by emitting radiation that has a –1 charge. what other characteristic does the radiation have?