You are on the Pirates of the Caribbean attraction in the Magic Kingdom at Disney World. Your boat rides through a pirate battle, in which cannons on a ship and in a fort are firing at each other. While you are aware that the splashes in the water do not represent actual cannonballs, you begin to wonder about such battles in the days of the pirates. Sup-pose the fort and the ship are separated by 75.0 m. You see that the cannons in the fort are aimed so that their cannon-balls would be fired horizontally from a height of 7.00 m above the water. (a) You wonder at what speed they must be fired in order to hit the ship before falling in the water.
(b) Then, you think about the sludge that must build up inside the barrel of a cannon. This sludge should slow down the cannonballs. A question occurs in your mind: if the can-nonballs can be fired at only 50.0% of the speed found ear-lier, is it possible to fire them upward at some angle to the horizontal so that they would reach the ship?

a) v₀ₓ = 62.76 m / s, b)   θ₁ = 17.6º,   θ₂ = 67.0º

Explanation:

We can solve this exercise using the projectile launch ratios

a) Let's find the time it takes for the bullet to reach the water level

       y = y₀ + v_{oy} t - ½ g t²

when it reaches the water its height is zero y = 0, as the bullet is fired horizontally its initial vertical velocity is zero

       0 = y₀ + 0 - ½ g t²

       t =

       t =          

       t = 1,195 s

now we can calculate the speed with the horizontal movement

        x = v₀ₓ t

        v₀ₓ = x / t

        v₀ₓ = 75.0 / 1.195

        v₀ₓ = 62.76 m / s

b) if the speed of the bullets is half of that found

         v₀ = 62.76 / 2 = 31.38 m / s

let's write the expressions for the distance

          x = v₀ cos θ t

          y = y₀ + v_{oy} sin θ t - ½ g t²

          t =

we substitute

let's use the identified trigonometry

          sec² θ = 1 + tan² θ

         sec θ = 1 / cos θ

we substitute

we change variable

         tan θ = H

we subtitle the values

         27.99 H² - 75 H + 20.99 = 0

         H² - 2.679 H + 0.75 = 0

we solve the quadratic equation

         H = [2.679 ± ] / 2

         H = [2,679 ± 2,044] / 2

         H₁ = 0.3175

         H₂ = 2.3615

now we can find the angles

          H₁ = tan θ₁

          θ₁ = tan⁻¹ H₁

          θ₁ = tan⁻¹ 0.3175

          θ₁ = 17.6º

          θ₂ = 67.0º

for these two angles the bullet hits the boat

answer: the answer is a