12. a) What is the gravitational attraction of the sun on the earth? (b) of the earth on the sun?

The transfer of heat through the movement of a gas or liquid a. convection b. conduction c. radiation

The particle in a two-dimensional well is a useful model for the motion of electrons around the indole ring (3), the conjugated cycle found in the side chain of tryptophan. we may regard indole as a rectangle with sides of length 280 pm and 450 pm, with 10 electrons in the conjugated p system. as in case study 9.1, we assume that in the ground state of the molecule each quantized level is occupied by two electrons. (a) calculate the energy of an electron in the highest occupied level. (b) calculate the frequency of radiation that can induce a transition between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied levels. 9.27 electrons around the porphine ring (4), the conjugated macrocycle that forms the structural basis of the heme group and the chlorophylls. we may treat the group as a circular ring of radius 440 pm, with 20 electrons in the conjugated system moving along the perimeter of the ring. as in exercise 9.26, assume that in the ground state of the molecule quantized each level is occupied by two electrons. (a) calculate the energy and angular momentum of an electron in the highest occupied level. (b) calculate the frequency of radiation that can induce a transition between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied levels.

The position of a crate sliding down a ramp is given by x=(0.05t^3) m, y=(1.7t^2) m, z=(6−0.85t^5/2) m, where t is in seconds. (a) determine the magnitude of the crate's velocity when t = 2 s. (b) determine the magnitude of the crate's acceleration when t = 2 s.