How do crumple zones extend the deceleration of a car? how do crumple zones help redistribute the force of an impact?

The of a machine determines its "usefulness." a. input force b. output force c. mechanical advantage

Alinearly polarized electromagnetic wave has an average intensity of 196 w/m^2. this wave is directed towards two ideal polarizers (in real polarizers, transmission is also effected by reflection and absorption). polarizer a is oriented with its transmission axis at an angle of θ_1=20.8∘ with the incident electric field. polarizer b has its axis at an angle of θ_2=63.0∘ with the incident electric field. what is the average intensity of the wave after it passes through polarizer a? what is the average intensity of the wave after it passes through polarizer b? suppose that the two polarizers a and b are interchanged. what would the average intensity be after passing through both polarizers?

In an old-fashioned amusement park ride, passengers stand inside a 3.0-m-tall, 5.0-m-diameter hollow steel cylinder with their backs against the wall. the cylinder begins to rotate about a vertical axis. then the floor on which the passengers are standing suddenly drops away! if all goes well, the passengers will “stick” to the wall and not slide. clothing has a static coefficient of friction against steel in the range 0.60 to 1.0 and a kinetic coefficient in the range 0.40 to 0.70. part a what is the minimum rotational frequency, in rpm, for which the ride is safe? express your answer using two significant figures. f f = rpm