Suppose you have a total charge qtot that you can split in any manner. Once split, the separation distance is fixed. How do you split the charge to achieve the greatest force

Answer is explained in the explanation section below.

Explanation:

Solution:

We know from the Coulomb's Law that, Coulomb's force is directly proportional to the product of two charges q1 and q2 and inversely proportional to the square of the radius between them.

So,

F =

Now, we are asked to get the greatest force. So, in order to do that, product of the charges must be greatest because the force and product of charges are directly proportional.

Let's suppose, q1 = q

So,

if q1 = q

then

q2 = Q-q

Product of Charges = q1 x q2

Now, it is:

Product of Charges = q x (Q-q)

So,

Product of Charges = qQ -

And the expression qQ - is clearly a quadratic expression. And clearly its roots are 0 and Q.

So, the highest value of the quadratic equation will be surely at mid-point between the two roots 0 and Q.

So, the midpoint is:

q =

q = Q/2 and it is the highest value of each charge in order to get the greatest force.

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