Peppered moths use the adaptation of camouflage as protection from predators. They may have a variety of colors or shades, but before the Industrial Revolution, they were typically white with black speckles. The Industrial Revolution in the 1880s introduced large-scale pollution into the environment. The pollution resulted in widespread, dark-colored staining of buildings and trees.

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Explanation:

Peppered moths use the adaptation of camouflage as protection from predators. They may have a variety of colors or shades, but before the Industrial Revolution, they were typically white with black speckles. The Industrial Revolution in the 1880s introduced large-scale pollution into the environment. The pollution resulted in widespread, dark-colored staining of buildings and trees.  Which is the most likely effect of the Industrial Revolution on peppered moths in cities?

The correct answer would be that the population of light-colored moths decreased and the population of dark-colored moths increased.

Organisms evolve so as to adapt to changes in their environment for continued survival. Peppered moths served as preys for birds and one of the adaptations to survive is adaptive coloration. In an environment characterized by dark-colored  buildings and trees, light-colored moths would easily be picked out by predating birds, unlike dark-colored ones.

Hence, more of the light-colored moths would be picked out by predators while the dark-colored ones would be able to reproduce and multiply at a faster rate than their counterparts. The implication is that there would be a decrease in the population of light-colored moths and an increase in the population of the dark-colored ones.

a and b sometimes have a positive value