Different between group IA and IIA elements

Group IA elements have only one valency electron while Group IIA have two valency electrons.

Group IA elements have cations with higher charge density hence polarizing anions easier resulting into covalent character while Group IIA elements have cations with lower charge density hence difficulty in distorting anions resulting into a ionic character. This is due to difference in cationic radii and charges

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explanation:

come closer and become far apart and become steam/gas