You want to move a spacecraft that is in 300 km circular orbit around Venus into another circular orbit around Venus of 600 km. Explain how you would accomplish this. Solve for the velocities that need to be applied.

The final velocity will be half of the initial velocity of the spacecraft.

Explanation:

Angular momentum is conserved for the circular force motion and central force motion.

Considering

L = MVR = Constant

Where

M = Mass of the object

V = Velocity of the object

r = radius of circle

We know that

V =

So,

=

As per the given data

= Initial Radius = 300 km

= Final Radius = 600 km

= Initial Velocity =

= Final Velocity =

Placing values in the formula

=

=

=

Hence, The final velocity will half of the initial velocity of the spacecraft.

scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.

a sonic boom is a loud boom that breaks the sound barrier

explanation: