The terms transverse or longitudinal are often used to describe the types of pulses. To what feature of a pulse do these terms refer:

Explanation:

Transverse pulse or waves are those in which elements of the pulse move perpendicular to the propagation of the pulse. Whereas, Longitudinal waves are those in which elements of the wave are in same direction as the propagation of the wave. For example Light is a transverse pulse whereas sound is a longitudinal wave.  

a) cold, dry

explanation:

continental polar masses are cold and dry air masses because the cold air cannot hold much moisture. as they move into warmer air, they can trigger precipitation.

b.a device that inputs heat into a cool object