How does radiation differ from conduction? A. Radiation can move through empty space to transfer heat; conduction cannot.
B. Radiation needs a medium in order for heat to transfer; conduction does not.
C. Radiation requires objects to have direct physical contact; conduction does not.
D. Radiation transmits heat by circulating particles in an object; conduction does not.

when jerome paddle in flowing river towards east the net speed of jerome will increase

so the net speed of jerome will be given as

now the speed of paul will be same as it is given as he is running on the ground

so

so here we can say since the speed of jerome is more so he will win the race

now as we know the distance so the time difference is given as

so jerome will reach first and the time difference will be 203.55 s or 3.4 min

that the claims meet official rules.

don't misinterpret the claims

3. dark matter

empty space could also be a simple vacuum