Find out the following in the electric circuit given in the figure. Or [5] (a) Effective resistance of two 8 Ω resistors in the combination
(b) Current flowing through 4 Ω resistor
(c) Potential difference across 4 Ω resistor
(d) Power dissipated in 4 Ω resistor
(e) Difference in readings of ammeter A1 and A2 if any

Total solidification times of three casting geometries are to be compared: a sphere, a cylinder, in which the length-to-diameter ration - 1.0, and a cube. volume = 1000 cm^3 for all three shhapes, and the same casting alloy is used. a) determine the solidification times of each geometry b) based on the results of part (a), which geometric element would make the best riser? c) if the mold constant = 3.5 min/cm^2 in chvorinov's rule, compute the total solidification time for each casting.