¿En el contexto de la teoría del Big Bang, expliquen qué hubiera pasado si no hubiese habido congelamientos.

Aparticle of mass m is projected with an initial velocity v0 in a direction making an angle α with the horizontal level ground as shown in the figure. the motion of the particle occurs under a uniform gravitational field g pointing downward. (a) write down the lagrangian of the system by using the cartesian coordinates (x, y). (b) is there any cyclic coordinate(s). if so, interpret it (them) physically. (c) find the euler-lagrange equations. find at least one constant of motion. (d) solve the differential equation in part (c) and obtain x and y coordinates of the projectile as a function of time. (e) construct the hamiltonian of the system, h, and write down the hamilton’s equations (canonical equations) of motion.

(a) assume the equation x = at^3 + bt describes the motion of a particular object, with x having the dimension of length and t having the dimension of time. determine the dimensions of the constants a and b. (use the following as necessary: l and t, where l is the unit of length and t is the unit of time.) (b) determine the dimensions of the derivative dx/dt = 3at^2 + b. (use the following as necessary: l and t, where l is the unit of length and t is the unit of time.)

At a certain instant after jumping from the airplane a, a skydiver b is in the position shown and has reached a terminal (constant) speed vb = 52 m/s. the airplane has the same constant speed va = 52 m/s, and after a period of level flight is just beginning to follow the circular path shown of radius ρa = 2330 m. (a) determine the velocity and acceleration of the airplane relative to the skydiver. (b) determine the time rate of change of the speed vr of the airplane and the radius of curvature ρr of its path, both as observed by the nonrotating skydiver.